EVALUATION OF MACRO AND MICRO ELEMENTS IN Chromolaena odorata ROOTS USED IN TREATMENT OF ACUTE MALARIA IN NKO COMMUNITY, OBOT AKARA L.G.A

Akwapoly Journal of Communication and Scientific Research (APJOCASR)

Authors

  • A. E. ORUK, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.60787/apjcasr.Vol9No1.47

Keywords:

Evaluation, Elements, Micro&Macro, Chromolaena Odorata Roots, Treatment

Abstract

The evaluation of macro and micro elements in Chromolaena Odorala roots was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results of the analysis were as follows: Calcium (Ca) 1.33+80, Magnesium (Mg) 0.05+0.00, Potassium (K) 4.90+0.004, Sodium (Na) 0.03 +0.10, and Phosphorus (P) 0.50+1.20 while that for the micro elements were also obtained as follows: Iron (Fe) (0.11 +mg/100kg), Copper (Cu) (0.020+0.02mg/100kg) Manganese (Mn) (0.54+0.025 mg/100kg) and Zinc (Zn) (0.55+0.005). The results obtained when duly compared with the recommended dietary allowance standard (RDA) showed that Sodium (Na) had the lowest level (0.0310.80) among the analyzed minerals, while Potassium (K) had the highest level (4.90 0.004), all the other minerals were however found to be within the recommended dietary allowance standard (RDA). An indication that the root of Chromolaena odorata on consumption could serve as a supplement for the mineral elements.

 

Author Biography

  • A. E. ORUK,, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene

    Department of Chemical Science

     

References

Ayyanar, M. & lgnacimuthu, S. (2009). Herbal medicines for wound healing among tribal people in southern India: Ethnobotanical and Scientific Evidences. Int. J. Appl. Res. Nat. Prod. 2: 29-42.

Biswal, P. M. (1997). Wound healing effects of Chromolaena odorata linn, and hlmax in rabbits. Indian Journal of Indigenous Medicines, 19(1), 71-4.

Blacquaert, Z. S., Kaler, S. G. & Liew, C. J. (2017). Iron deficiency and its treatment from the point of view of Iron metabolism in the body, Pediatric of America, 37: 317-329.

Boudjeko, T., Megnckou, R., Woguia, A. L., Kegne, F. M, Ngomoyogoli, J. E. & Techapoum, C. D. (2015). Antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides from Allanblackia floribunda Oliv stem bark and Chromolaena odorata (L). King and H. E. Robinss leaves BMC Res. Notes. 8: 759.

Chakraborty, A. K. & Fujisawa, C. (2000). Evaluation of analgesic activity studies of various extracts of leaves of Chromolaena odorata linn, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 612-616.

Dirsch, V. (2006). Faculty of life science. Wien University at Wien.

Eruvbetine, D. (2003). Canine nutrition and health. A paper presented at the seminar oanized by Kensinton Pharmaceuticals.

Fraga, C. G. (2005). Relevance, essentiality and toxicity of trace elements in human health, molccular aspects of medicine, 26(4): 235-244.

Hammond, C. R. (2004). The elements. In: Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 81 ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Hanh, T. T, Hang, D. T, Minn, C. V., &Dat, N. T. (2011). Anti-inflammatory effects of fatty acids isolated from Chronmolaena odorata. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 4: 760-763.

Harper's Biochemistry, 25h Edition, McGraw Hill, Health Profession Division.USA.

Haynes, W. M. (2014). CRC handbook of chemistry and physics, internet version 2015; 95lh Ed. Boca Raton, FL: ERC Press Taylor and Francis.

Hays, V. W. and Swenson, M. J. (1985). Minerals and Bones. In: Dukes, Physiology of Domestic Animals, Tenth Edition pp. 449-466.

Hegsted, D. M., Chichester, C. O. Darby, W. J, McNutt, K. W.. Stalvey, R. M. and Stotz, E. H. (1976). In: Present knowledge in Nutrition (Nutrition Reviews), Fourth edition. The Nutrition Foundation, Inc. New York, Washington.

Heiserman, D. L. (1992). Elenent 30: zinc exploring chemical elements and their compound, New York: TAB Books, p. 122.

Henn, C., Ettinger, A. S., Schwartz, J., Tellez Rojo, M. M., Lamadrid- Firgueroa, H. Herandez-Avila, M., Schnaas, L., Amarasiriwardena, C, Bellinger, D. C., Hu, H. and Wright, R. 0. (2010). Early postnatal blood manganese levels and children's neurodevelopment, Epidemiology, 21(4): 453-439.

Ijioma, S. N., Okafor, A. I., Ndukuba, P. L, NwankwO, A. A. & Akomas, S. C. (2014). Hypoglycemic, hematologic and lipid profile effects of Chromolaena odorata ethanol leaf extract in alloxan induced diabetic 'rats. Ann. Biol Sci., 2: 27-32.

Irobi. O. N. (1992). Activities of Chromolaena odorata (compositae) leaf extract against Pseudomonas acruginosa and Streplococcus faecatsi, J. Ethnopharmol, 37: 81 – 83.

Johari, S. A., Kiong, L. S., Mohtar, M., Isa, M. M., Man, S. & Mustafa, S. (2012). Efflux inhibitory activity of flavonoids from Chromolaena odorata against selected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. Afr. J. Microbiol Res. 6:563 1-5.

Kigigha, L. T. & Zige, D. V. (2013). Activity of Chromolaena odorata on enteric and superficial etiologic bacterial agents. Am. J. Res. Commun, 1:266-76.

Kirman, M. N., Mohiuddin, S., Naz, F. and Nacri, H. (2001). Determination of some toxic and essential trace elements in some medicinal and edible plants of Karachi City. J. Basic, Appl Sci:, 7 (3): 89 -95.

Lalith, G. (2009). Invasive plant: A guide to the identification of the most invasive plants of Sri Lanka, Colombo, P. 116-117.

Lavender, O. (1983). Considerations in the design of selenium bioavailability studies. Fed. Proc, 42:1721-1 725.

Law, N., Caudle, M. and Pecoraro, V. (1998). Manganese redox enzymes and model systems: properties, structures, and reactivity, Advances in Inorganic Chemistry, 46: 305.

Ling, B., Zhang, M., Pang, X. F. (2011), Biological activities of the volatile oil from C. odorata on fungi and insects and its chemical constituent, 4 (3): 573-576.

Ling, S. K., Azah, M. A. Mastura. M.. Khoo, M. G.. Husní, S. S. & Salbiah, M. (2005). Chemical constituents and therapcutic potential of the leaf extract from Chromolaena odorata (L) Jing and Robinson 52 109 Kepong, Selengor Darwehsan.

Malhotra, V. K, (1998). Biochemistry for students. Tenth Edition. Jaypec Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi India.

Maretm, W. and Sandlead, H. H. (2006). Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc supplementation, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 20: 3-18.

Mulika,T. C. (2005). Antimicrobial effects of thai medicinal plants against acne- including bacteria. Journal of Eihno Pharmacology, 101 (1-3): 330-333.

Murray, R. K., Granner, D. K., Mayes, P. A., Rodwell, V. W. (2000). Harper's Biochemistry, 25" Edition, McGraw-Hill, Health Profession Division, USA.

Naidoo, K. K., Coopoosamy, R. M. and Naidoo, G. (2011). Screening of Chromolaena odorata (L) King and Robinson for anti-bacterial and anti- fungal properties. J. Med. Plant Res., 5:4859-62.

Ngono, N. A., Etamae, R. E., Ndifor, F., Biyiti, L., Amvarm, Z. P. & Bouchet, P. (2006). Antinfungal activity of Chromolaena odorata (L). King and Robinson (Asteraceac) of Cameron. Chemotherapy. 52:103-6.

Onkaramurthy, M., Veerapur, V. P., Thippeswamy, B. S., Reddy, T. N., Rayappa, H. & Badami, S. (2013). Anti-diabetic and anti-cataract effects of Chromolaena odorata Linn. In Streptopzotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 145:363-72.

Palacios, C. (2006). The role of nutrients in bone health from A to Z. Critical reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 46(8): 621-628.

Parry, C. L. (2010). Role of trace elements zinc, copper, and magnesium during pregnancy and its outcome, Indian J. Paediatr. :: 1003-1005.

Rancke-Madsen, E. (1975). The discovery of an element, centaurus, 19(4): 299- 313.

Rayner, W. H. (2007). Jewelry making through history: An encyclopedia, Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 42.

Robinson, M. (2006). Controlling the spread of one of the world's worst alien wced species, Chromolaena odorata in South Africa. Department of Life Science, University of West Indies. Pp. 1-11.

Rungnapa, O. (2003). Phytochemistry and antimalarial activity of C. odorata, Pp.6-8.

Schmidt, G. J. and Schilling, E. E. (2000). Phylogeny and Biogeography of Eupatorium. Based on Nuclear ITS sequence, American Journal of Botany, 87 (5): 716-726.

Schrauzer, G. N. (2000). Selenometionine: A role of its nutritional significance, metabolism and toxicity. J. Nutr. 130: 1653-1656.

Setzer, N. (1999). Natural Products Drug Discovery. Huntsville: Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville.

Silva, D., Luiz, P. A. and Ascher, M. (2013). Manganese in health and 'disease. In: Sigel A., Sigel H., Sigel, R. K. 0. (Ed.). Interrelations between essential metal ions and human diseases, metal ions in life sciences, vol. 13, Ch7 Dordrecht: Springer, p. 199-227.

Stanley, M. C., Ifeanyi, O. E., Nwakacgo, C. C. & Esther, I. O. (2014). Antimicrobial effects of Chromolaena odorata on some human pathogens, Fe. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci, 3:1006-12.

Struhsaker, T. T., Struhsaker, P. J. and Siex, K. S. (2005). Conserving Africa's rain forests; Problems in protected areas and possible solutions. Biological Conservation, 123 (1): 45-54.

Thoden, T. C., Boppre, M. &Hallmann, J. (2007). Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Chromolaena odorata act as nematicidal agents and reduce infection of lettuce roots by meloidogyneincognilia. Nematology, 9: 343-349.

Tilak, R. Kumar P, Rathee R, & Dubey K. K. (2016). Screening of some mcdicinal plants for their antimicrobial activities, Int. J. Pharm. Sci., 8: 202-206.

Treiber, W., Malty, P., Singh, K., Florentina, F., Meinhard, H. Scharffetter-Kochanek, K. (2012). The role of manganese superoxide dismutase in skin aging, Dermatoendocrinology, 4: 232-235.

Downloads

Published

2024-11-29

How to Cite

EVALUATION OF MACRO AND MICRO ELEMENTS IN Chromolaena odorata ROOTS USED IN TREATMENT OF ACUTE MALARIA IN NKO COMMUNITY, OBOT AKARA L.G.A: Akwapoly Journal of Communication and Scientific Research (APJOCASR). (2024). Akwapoly Journal of Communication & Scientific Research, 9(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.60787/apjcasr.Vol9No1.47

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.