PREVALENCE AND RESISTIVITY OF GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA IN MINIMALLY PROCESSED SHELLFISH AND HARVEST WATER IN AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIAPREVALENCE AND RESISTIVITY OF GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA IN MINIMALLY PROCESSED SHELLFISH AND HARVEST WATER IN AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA
Akwapoly Journal of Communication and Scientific Research (APJOCASR)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60787/apjcasr.vol9no1.51Keywords:
Shellfish, Gram-positive bacteria,, harvest waters, food-borne illness, hygieneAbstract
The prevalence and resistivity of Gram-positive bacteria in shellfish and harvest waters portends for food safety and improved regulatory compliance. In Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, we evaluated 180 shellfish and 30 water samples from three major harvest sites (Itu, Mbo, and Ibeno L.G.A). The prevalence and concentrations of Gram-positive bacteria, specifically Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus sp, Streptococcus sp, and Bacillus cereus, were determined using standard microbiological methods. Results show a significant difference observed at 5 % (p < .05) in the heterotrophic count between the dry and rainy seasons, sample location, and bacterial colonization in water samples. However, the bacterial load in this study was above the stipulated range of <104 cfu/g by EU for Bacillus sp and Micrococcus sp in shellfish, while the bacterial load in some of the water samples was also above the drinking and recreational water standard of EU. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest percentage occurrence of (35.71 %), followed by Bacillus cereus (28.57 %), Streptococcus sp. (20.41 %), and the least Micrococcus sp. (15.31%). The antibacterial susceptibility profiles of the isolates showed that Bacillus cereus had a resistance profile of 90 %, followed by Streptococcus sp (4 %). Staphylococcus aureus (80 %) and Micrococcus sp (60 %) were susceptible to the antibiotics tested. These findings highlight the need for improved hygiene practices and regular monitoring of shellfish and harvest waters to reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses and antibiotic resistance transferred to humans.
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